Adult Stem cells

    Adult stem cells (a.k.a. somatic stem cell) are intact in the female's body and are grown without removal. Their main job is to maintain and repair the tissue in which they originated in. Because adult stem cells are found in so many tissues, scientists believe that these cells can even be used for transplants involving more than one human being. These types of stem cells can be also used to cure many commonly known diseases according to scientists because of their power to acquire special features of different cells. Scientists discovered that the bone marrow contained two types of cells known as the bone marrow stromal cells and the hematopoietic stem cells. The hematopoietic stem cells formed all the blood cell types in the body and the bone marrow stromal cells maintained and created the bone, cartilage, fat, and fibrous connective tissue. Later on in the 1990s, scientists discovered that even the brain contained stem cells which developed the brain's three main cell types- the astrocytes (cells insulating and supporting the neurons called neuroglial which is found in the neural tissues), oligodendrocytes (cells insulating the nerve cells by creating a soft white fatty myelin sheath around the axon which is a part of a neuron carrying impulses away from a cell), and the neuron (a grayish or reddish cell which is the basic unit of the nervous system). The exact location of a stem cell in a tissue is unknown but we do know that they are found in a specific location and are not active until awakened by an injury to the tissue or disease. But not all tissues contain stem cells. Only tissues of the brain, bone marrow, peripheral blood, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, skin, and liver contain them. Adult stem cells also have the ability to form cells of different tissues which is known as transdifferentiation.